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Pioglitazone slowed progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness compared with glimepiride
In a randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, multicenter trial of 462 type 2 diabetes patients.
Among 4360 patients treated in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial for a median 4 years, rosiglitazone was more effective in preventing failure of monotherapy (defined as FBG > 180 mg/dl) than metformin (–32% risk reduction) or glyburide (–63%); but rosiglitazone caused more weight gain and edema than either other agent and more cardiovascular events than glyburide, while metformin had more GI side effects and glyburide more hypoglycemia than their respective alternate therapies.
In subjects with glucose intolerance and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, combined hypocaloric diet and pioglitazone enhanced insulin sensitivity, glycemic control and glucose tolerance; decreased transaminase levels; and improved hepatic histological findings in a 6-month randomized, prospective, placebo controlled trial.
Alpha-lipoic acid treatment for 5 weeks improved nerve pain in 181 diabetic patients in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Testosterone enanthate 150 mg every 2 weeks normalized serum androgen concentrations, but had little effect on intra-prostate androgen levels or markers of prostatic cellular function in a 6-month prospective randomized trial of testosterone therapy in aging men with late-onset hypogonadism.
The progesterone antagonist mifepristone (RU 486) prevented mammary tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice with the cancer susceptibility gene Brca1, therapy might be used to prevent breast cancer in individuals with suggesting that antiprogesteroneBRCA1 mutations.
Inactivation in mice of the d2 isoform of vacuolar (H+) ATPase V0 domain (Atp6v0d2), which is normally expressed in osteoclasts, caused a marked increase in bone mass due to defective pre-osteoclast fusion and osteoclast function as well as enhanced bone formation.
Survival of pancreatic islet cells in the livers of diabetic NOD mice was assessed using ([18F]FHBG)-PET; signal intensity reflected islets’ insulin secretory capacity, suggesting its potential for monitoring islet transplants in man.